Class Notes: Week 9

Tuesday, May 28

Film: “My name is Khan” (2010)

Disability: Asperger Syndrome
In this film, the main actor is not disabled. It would be better that the real disabled person did to express accurate action. Like in the case of an Asian actor. However, it might be difficult.

Religion: Muslim and Hindoo
-Since 9.11 happened, Muslim American became a target of racism
-bullying, prejudice, obstruction of business
I thought that this film showed how beautiful the real religious spirts were. As one of the people who don’t have any religion, I thought that Khan’s strong and true spirit of religion was so beautiful. Prayer shouldn’t be upon the place and the people. And also, religion and clothes related to religion are a part of their identity. At the end of this film, Muslims such as Khan’s brother’s wife and the owner of a TV shop got proud of their religion and made an action. We shouldn’t judge people by religions or ethnicity.

“There are two kinds of people in the world. Good people and bad people. There’s no other difference.” I thought that Khan’s mother’s line was a key phrase of this film. There are people who do good things and people who do bad things. It reminds me of all important is the actions and deeds that people do, no matter they are. If a person is Muslim, it doesn’t mean to a bad person. Khan proofed it in this film. Plus, one thing I thought, as we are a part of society, we should study our history of this society. Why people hated/hate (which is sad) specific people. Why people celebrate various successes. What happened in the past… It connects to our ethnic studies and cultural studies.


Wednesday, May 29

D&R

Field trip


Friday, May 31

South Asia; India (Hinduism), Sri Lanka (Buddism), Bhutan (Buddism), Pakistan (Muslim), Nepal (Buddism), Maldives (Muslim), Bangladesh (Muslim), Afganistan (Muslim)

Final thoughts: South American

I learned the strong connection between South Asian and religion. I had the image of South Asia, which is Hinduism. I realized when I was thinking about South Asia, my image of it was just only about India. India and Hinduism were centric. In the presentation, I learned that other South Asian countries and other religions. In the film, because of the difference in religion, it was not easy to marry others. Also, after 9.11., many South Asian became a target of racism, which was sad. I don’t have religion. But, through that film, I felt the beauty of believing like Khan did. Religion is just one of the identities. I respect other religions because I thought that it’s beautiful. Even though, as Khan argued with one guy in the film, there might be a wrong way of believing, I believe that because of religion or skin color, we shouldn’t judge others by religion or skin color. And, we can be proud of our color and religion.

Class Notes: Week8

Tuesday, May 21

The Beautiful Country (2004)

The boat to America
-It was so hard for immigrants to survive on the boat
-Some died during sailing
-Disease, smell, limited food, water, small space, uncomfortable sleep, non-privacy
-hierarchy system
-Captain and others on the boat looked down on the refugees

American dream
-America is cleaner, people have money
-After they arrived, it was not easy for them to make a living

Chinatown
-They end up in Chinatown
-Working at a Chinese restaurant, as delivery man
-Working at kinda bar? and prostitution which is unsafe but seems not to be no choice

Asian-ness name
-Binh’s father’s ex-wife called Binh “Ben”, which implies that it is difficult for some people to pronounce Asian-ness name.

Steve (Binh’s father)
-He’s blind
-I was curious if he realized his son or not
-“Blind”: don’t see people by looks and color.


Wednesday, May 22

Classmates’ final project

Non-fiction creative writing

D&R


Friday, May 24

Final thoughts: Vietnamese American

The boat to America (“The Beautiful Country” and the presentation)
I learned how hard the boat to America was: People died on the boat, Captain and sailer were looking down on them, Limited food and water, Disease and smell. 1 in every 2 people died on the sea.

Vietnamese food (Presentation)
Since Vietnam used to be French Indochina, Vietnamese food is inspired by French. I thought that a culture such as food culture is inextricably connected with the colony, history.

Class Notes: Week 7

Tuesday, May 14

Film “Gook” (2017)

Black-and-white movie
-many reasons
-budget
-focusing on what’s going on; character; motion without interruption

Low-income family
-Child labor
-Dropping-out children

1992 Los Angeles riots
-Conflicts between Korean and Black

Korean owner’s preconception of Black people: stealing

American dream
-Mr. Kim and Eli’s father came to LA to give their kids a better life
-They started to run a shoe store in the black community
-It was not easy because of theft and conflict between Korean and Black

Conflicts between Black and Korean
-Korean came to the Black community
-Korean saw them as thieves
-Korean exploited Black workers (I couldn’t have seen in this film)

Gun society
-The thing which people treat others with, even they don’t want to kill others
-The thing which people can kill someone easily with
-It’s so easy that even children can get a gun

“Flower” which Kamilla put on her head
-The neighborhood is dirty and dangerous
-She found it there
-I thought that it expressed that there are hope and love in even these neighborhood

Kamilla’s death
-Even her death was an accident if there have been no conflicts between Keith and Eli, she wouldn’t have died. She died because of Keith’s madness toward Eli. After they took her hospital, Keith was still mad at Eli. I was sad that Keith didn’t understand why it had happened.


Wednesday, May 15

Film: “Twinsters” (2015)

Intercountry adoption
-South Korea was the first country to send children to the United States for adoption and for many years sent the most children

Social Network made a miracle of being able to meet sisters
-a profit of Social Network: even though they live far away, they could know each other through Social Network Service. It’s a miracle.

A DNA test showed that they were biological sisters
– I wondered if that DNA test hadn’t shown that result, what would have happened to their relationship
-I thought that they were connected by similarities. DNA test made that connection stronger.

Identity
-Who we are. Not where we are from.
-We can identify ourselves by ourselves
-Identity is not only one for each. It’s like a river flow

Family
-After they met each other, Anaïs said she felt she got a bigger family.
-Samantha said she loves family, I love parents, brothers, sister, and also birth mother
-They are not angry about their birth mother, but happy to give them birth
-I was sad that they couldn’t meet their mother even though they wanted to meet

The commonality among  Drifting house, gook, and Twinsters

Lost of family
Gook: Eli’s father was killed, Kamilla’s mother was killed too
Twinsters: Birth mother is separated from Anaïs and Samantha

Identity
“multiple identities”, “Fluidity”

“Teenage brain”
“impulsivity”

 


Friday, May 17

“Korean American: Final Thoughts”
1992 LA idiots
-conflicts between Korean and Black
-Korean moved in the Black community to live and run their businesses
-The black community was exploited by them
-The stereotype of Black: Stealing
Conflicts happened among each community

Intercountry adoption
-South Korea was the first country to send children to the United States for adoption and for many years sent the most children

KPOP is a huge industry in Korea
-is supported by the Korean government as one of industry
-has a big impact on the U.S.
-To be an idol, it’s very competitive

The importance of History
In ethnic studies and cultural studies, history is necessary. In this week’s presentation, in the introduction, they were talking about Korean history. That information helped us learning the immigrants, what brought them to here.
Korean war is related to immigrants.

Class Notes: Week 6

Tuesday, May 7

Book: “Dark Blue Suit”
Theme: Closure; Family, generations, father/son; hope vs. reality; Community; Fighting (Boxing); privilege; role models; codeswitching; money/poverty; death/mourning; pride; trauma; masculinity; a portrayal of women; coming-of-age

American Is In the Heart by Carlos Bulosan
America Is Not the Heart by Elaine Castillo

Incompletion
Incomplete family, death, death, love, friend

Filipinos in the United States vs. Filipino Americans
the difference of experience and goal; feeling not belong here
Parents have to pay attention to the conversation in Tagalog with children (Language barrier)

Film: “The Debut” by Gene Cajayon (2001)
White friends are making fun of traditional ornaments.

Why Ruben didn’t want them to stay at his house? – Because of his embarrassing. The smell of food. He was embarrassed by his Filipino culture.

Alice who marry a white guy. She looked like being proud of herself. I thought that it’s kinda stereotype of Asian women marrying a white guy.

The gap between Rose and Ruben in term of their identities. She could speak Tagalog and knew a traditional greeting.

Responsibility vs. Pressure: Ruben’s pressure by father; Father’s pressure by grandfather; Father’s responsibility toward his son. Father and Grandfather desired Ruben to go to med school and be a doctor, even he wanted to go to cartoon school. What he wants to do was different from what his father and grandfather expect him to do. Father would encourage him to do what he wants to do if there was no pressure by his grandfather and other family members. Here’s a second generation’s struggle. ?

Gang-star culture vs Filipino culture

Traditional dance at the party

August seemed to be struggling with his white father. His father seemed not to understand the Asian thing. Low key of racist.

The history of the Philippines: The Philippines were always under the control of other countries, Spain, the United States, and Japan.  Mixed culture, HaloHalo.


Wednesday, May 8

Ethnic Studies– nature, origins, and evolution
Ethnic studies at Evergreen: its past, present, and seemingly bleak future
Our program
“Who we be?”
What is Ethnic Study?
What purpose does it serve?
What are the benefits and challenges of being a member of the group that you’re exploring?
What are your responsibilities if you aren’t a member of that group?

What complications arise when ethnic studies is explored through the lens of popular culture?


Friday, May 10

“Filipino American: Final thoughts”
Boxing- one of few entertainments to Filipino American
Boxing Champions  was a hero in the Filipino Community

The Philippines has a history of colonization, always under control by other countries. Spain, United States, Japan. Spain- the reason why Tagalog and other Philipino languages sound like Spanish.
-Importance of learning history: History connects “culture”

The importance of comedy
To me, it’s still hard to understand jokes sometimes because of my English level and knowledge. Jokes vs racism. I’m confused. But, we can acknowledge culture by comedy. But, we still need to pay attention and be respectful. I learned the importance of comedy and how comedy as pop culture influent to us.

Talking Points: Dark Blue Suit

  • Dark Blue Suit
    1. “He didn’t talk much, at least not to me. Maybe it was the language. Mine was native English–fluid, made in America. His was borrowed and broken, a chore just to speak; Dad preferred Cebuano. The English I did hear from him I imagined he saved, hoarding words that twisted his tongue. To me, they came mostly in the form of monosyllabic blasts, barked commands to ‘do dis, Buddy… now.’ And of course, ‘dis’ got done– now, never later.” (p. 5). It’s about the language barrier between first and second generation. And it describes how that language barrier was, and I’ve never read these descriptions of the actual language barrier.
    2. I saw the language barrier in the movie, too. But I felt awkward with father’s saying, which shows obviously broken English, in the book.
    3. I wondered what accurate English is? Even father speak broken English, it’s English, may be called Filipino accent English. Is there anyone who correct their English? I thought that even in the same country, English is not only one. Of course, there’s various dialect in the United States. But also, various accent from other countries. I thought that all of them are accurate English.
    4. “Although my father spoke English badly, he did it well enough to make me stammer” (pp.12, 13).  This sentence represents their language barrier. The child has the advantage of English.
    5. By Stephanie “I’ve got a future. I’m half white.” (p.19). She looked down on Buddy.
  • Rico
    1.  Filipinos and black music, not white music. “Filipinos always hired black bands”(p.28). Black music? What does it imply?
    2. “White guys do it all the time. Like marriage.” (p.34). I wondered how Filipinos were felling for going to war for America and if they were feeling uncomfortable with that.
    3. “It’s hard, ‘specially’ cause you and me are like this” (p.37). It was hard to go to the war to white. But, it might be harder for people of color.
  • The Second Room
    1. Public school in the U.S. “not to advertise” and “Nothing commercial” (p.39). Education for advertisement? commercial?
    2. “Respect- the most precious currency of the poor and colored” (p.43). How important to respect each other, to everyone, everywhere, every time, is. Through sports, we can get “respect”, whatever race, not by just fighting in public.
    3. Recently, I participated in the volleyball league in Lacy. I was kinda afraid because I’m a foreigner. But, in sports, no one shouldn’t be eliminated whatever our race. Just play by our own style and do our best.
  • August 1968
    1. Between Asian Americans, racism also exists. In this chapter, the conflicts between Chinese and Filipino was expressed.
    2. Poverty. Poverty is related to race historically.
  • Home
    1. The different issues between first generation and second generation. The second generation would get a better education and could have a better future than the first generation.
  • A Life Well Lived
    1. Nostalgy. Old Filipino hoped to die in the Philipines.
  • Stephanie
    1. White identity, Filipino identity, and mixed identity. How identity is created. Is it also the identity that is provided or seen by other people?

Class Notes: Week 5

Tuesday, April 30

Book: “The Chinaman Pacific & Frisco R.R. Co.”

Heroes- manhood/ masculinity, cowboys “the west”; incest; time/ linearity- watches, the railroad, food; identity crisis; Chinatown; death

Railroad- thousands of people died to build railroads in the past

What the author’s love of Chinese American is? He involves anger in this book. The community in Chinatown is dead. Maybe, the experience in Chinatown?

Film: “The Joy Luck Club” (1993)

Image: https://missionplayhouse.org/event/joy-luck-club-1993

8 women’s stories: Lindo and her daughter, Waverly. Ying-Ying and her daughter, Lena. An Mei and her daughter, Rose. Suyuan and her daughter, June.

Three generations- grandmother in China, mother immigrated the United States, daughter born America. Women’s issues, generational issues, traditional things.

Waverly: When Waverly was a child, she was embarrassed by her mother’s showing off her chess. Children are not parents’ property to show off. Hope and expectation are different.

Lindo: Lindo had a hard experience when she got arranged marriage.  It was a part of how arranged marriage was like. She was like a slave, there was no right for her. I thought that cultural or traditional things are sometimes hard and sad.

Waverly-Lindo: Lindo made arranged marriage for Waverly. However, it didn’t work well and in the result, they divorced. Then, Lindo got mad because it was Waverly’s fault.

Waverly-Lindo: Waverly’s white husband didn’t understand the chinese culture at the dinner. When he put soy source in Lindo’s meal, Lindo got shocked. Food is also culture. When people have a different food culture, they should respect it. Lindo grew up in Chinese and grew up with Chinese food culture. She has own Chinese food culture. I bed what that husband did was really shocking for her. For the first immigrant generation, sometimes it’s difficult to recognize, accept and fit (I don’t say they should though) a new culture.

This movie describes wide issues of parents and their children and generational issues. Parents’ hard experiences in China and America, and daughters’ hard childhood and adult’s experiences in the U.S.

Ying-Ying: After she got married in China, she was cheated. She lost her son. In her story, also the patriarchal system has existed.

Lena: She got married to Asian American(?). Her husband was too strict to be fair. I wondered if this setting was necessary. I didn’t know what his character implied in this movie, compared to other stories.

An Mei: Her mom was kicked out of her husband’s house. She got married to another guy and it was awful. Polygamy is? was? a part of Chinese culture. But, it was hard for her.

Rose: She was trying to keep a good relation with her husband like by giving a present. Once she realized her own worth, she knew that she didn’t need to do that.

June and Suyuan: I didn’t know why Suyuan kept swan feather for June. But, I imagined even though there were a generational gap and language barrier between parents and their child, swan feather might imply family love and common culture which they had, something crossing over their struggles.


Wednesday, May 1

D&R

Lecture: Documentary film, Kungfu 

In the U.S., is there any conflict between teacher (master) and students? Such as a passion or motivation for Kungfu.


Friday, May 3

“Chinese American: Final Thoughts”

Respect for other culture
-Food culture (From The Joy Luck Club): When Waverly’s family had dinner with her husband, didn’t understand Chinese traditional food culture, which Lindo cooked. I thought that there was less respect for Lindo’s meal. Lindo and even Waverly got upset. When we meet a new culture, we must have respect mind to it and people who are related to that culture.
-Media
If the media like film and TV-show represents any culture, it has to represent that culture carefully. It shouldn’t be for an economic reason or just for amusement.  Respect for other culture is necessary. If there’s a lack of respect, definitely it’s cultural appropriation and people with that culture get hurts by it. We must carefully think about other culture with respect.

Class Notes: Week 4

Tuesday, April 23

Frank Chin is one of the god father of Asian American writer

Novel vs Poetry

-Precision (正確性)

-Concision (簡潔さ)

-Writer can leave readers to expand their own idea

“Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories”

Tension between issei and nisei- Every story touches

俳句(Haiku)- Privileged art

Film: “Come See the Paradise” by Alan Parker (1990)

I was surprised the laws that Japanese couldn’t own their own theater during that time and Japanese couldn’t marry non-Japanese in the area of California.

The scene when Lili said “break them (Japanese records)” , it was really sad. When they moved to the camp, they had to leave anything related to Japan. It’s a part of their culture, and their lives.

One thing about casting, I felt uncomfortable a little bit. Mr. Kawamura who was born in Wakayama, Japan, and moved to America was played by Sab Simono, who’s Japanese American actor. When he was talking to other Japanese business men in the beginning of the film, i thought that his Japanese was kind of awkward a little bit compared to his wife’s Japanese. I’m not sure if it was on purpose or not and also the detail of Mr. Kawamura’s background. If the film didn’t care about the fluency of speaking other language, it could be an issue in term of respect of other culture. The fluency of language is also important to express culture in the film.


Wednesday, April 24

Fumiko Hayashida

-Bainbridge Island

-Manzanar Concentration Camp

1990 Gulf War

1988 Amerasian (Person who is born in Asia and have American military father and Asian mother) Homecoming Act

1988 Civil Liberties Act (reparations)

Alan Parker (British director): Mississippi burning (1988)

“Mississippi summer of 1964”

-Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, James Chaney


Friday, April 26

Japanese American Presentation “Studio Ghibli”

Talking Points: Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories

1.The High-Heeled Shoes, A Memoir

  • This story describes the sexual harassment which occurred to the storyteller and other women and how the status of women was at that time.
  • As Japanese or Japanese American, and as women, and also as Japanese American women, they have struggled hard during that time, probably even now. It’s important to discuss these issues in society.

2. Seventeen Syllables

  • This story tells how the relation between issei and nisei was like. It  expresses generation gap. I thought that nisei has more assimilated into American society and culture, but still issei might not get into that. It seems to be difficult to do both of keeping own culture and assimilate into new culture.
  • Also, I saw strict Japanse patriarchal system in this story.

3. The Legend of Miss Sasagawa

  • This story shows generational gap between issei and nisei and intersection of ethnic and patriarchal oppressions.
  • Because of the different levels of consciousness by issei father and nisei daughter, it’s really hard to understand each other.

4. Wilshire Bus

  • This story describes nisei’s anger and sadness of racism and enforced confinement.
  • “Why don’t you go back to China, where you can be coolies working in your bare feet out in the rice fields, you can let your pigtails grow and grow in China. Alla samee, mama, no tickee no shirtee. Ha, pretty good , no tickee no shirtee!” (p.36). When white guy said this to Chinese couple, Esther pretended ignorance he feels sorry about them, but also he didn’t feel sincere sympathy.
  • After enforced confinement, Japanese American was called “model minority” because many Japanese Americans assimilated into white culture. This story describes that situation, too.

5. The Brown House

  •  This story shows patriarchal system of Japanese and how women’s right and freedom were not free. Even though women’s right and liberty are improving in recent Japan, still the role of women as wife is replaced in some animation or film.
  • In this story, the connection and situation between Japanese American and African American are expressed.

6. Yoneko’s Earthquake

  • This story shows how Japanese American see Filipino American. There were prejudice against Filipino American and  movements for avoiding marriage with Filipino American.
  • I was curious if Yoneko’s mother fell into love with Marpo even Yoneko liked him.

7. Morning Rain

  • This story implies generational gap between Issei father and Nisei daughter in term of difference of tradition and value.
  • She married American man and there were awkward situations between issei and nisei.

8. Epithalamium

9. Las Vegas Charley

  • Charley reacts against issei’s lifestyle and culture, identifies himself as American. This story shows conflicts of “Japanese or American.”
  • In term of food, using position of person feeding someone and also as person being fed, he established the relationship with others.

10. Life Among the Oil Fields, A Memoir

11. The Eskimo Connection

12. My Father Can Beat Muhammad Ali

13. Underground Lady

14. A Day in Little Tokyo

15. Reading and Writing

Class Notes: Week3

Tuesday, April 16

-API popular Culture: popular culture produced by API

-APIs and popular cultures

-APIs in popular culture: APIs (culture, people…) included in popular culture

“Who produced popular culture”

Asian Americans in the Twenty-First Century

Japanese American: PI (Hawaiian); Chinese American; Vietnamese American; Hmong American; Korean American; South Asian American; Filipino/Pilipino American

Age/Generation; Geography; Occupations; Gender; Sexual Orientation

Oral history/ Asian and U.S. history

Thread/ Themes/ Topics: Americanization; Hybridity; Generation; Culture/ duality; Identity; Racism; Trauma (ind./ group); Generations; Gender; Work; Education; Family; Activism, woman; Sacrifice; American Dream

Film: “Better Luck Tomorrow” by Justin Lin (2002)

In the film, I saw some stereotype of Asian American such as studying hard, good students and bench warmer. On the over hand, also I found some deconstruction of these stereotype, Asian drag dealer.

“Real” parents- depends on people, there’s no definition.

“Lin is making a movie where race is not the point but simply the given.”


Wednesday, April 17

Film: My America (… or Honk If You Love Buddha)

Asian American seen as permanent foreign resident

There’s also difference between stereotype of Asian Americans men and women. It’s sad that people see others as their ethnicity not “person”.

 

D&R

Hapa: Mixed, a part of hawaiian & a part of something else

Black and Queer used to be used as bad meaning

If you want to use some other culture, you have responsibility of burden of that culture’s background, burden of everything else.


Friday, April 19

Film: “Rabbit in the Moon” by Emiko Omori (1999/2004)

Kibei- people who have Japanese parents (issei) and go back to Japan for education

The situation of the camp, concentration camp, was miserable. They have traumatic experience mentally and emotionally.

I took Japanese and world history in junior high and high school, and studied WWII. However, I’ve never studied about issei or nisei. I felt that it is important to study about them because their history is a part of Japanese history. I didn’t know that their situation especially around WWII. I thought that as Japanese, we also should study this history.

Talking Points: Asian Americans in the Twenty-first Century

1.Asian Americans as a Movement / Dale Minami

“White people are feeling threatened by the number of minorities who are now in this country that are growing at a huge rate” (p.12). “White American sees us perpetual foreigners” (p.13). From these quotations, the fundamental question “What is an American” came up.

2. From Toi Shan to the Olympic Peninsula Gateway / Ark Chin

That person’s boss had the stereotypical sense that Chinese people don’t say their opinion. It’s serious problem that people see others as race and have some stereotype. In this case, these stereotype let him pay this interviewee lower wage.

3. The promise of America / Hoan Dang

4. It’s About More Than Hitting the Books / Susim Chen

5. No Dating, Just Get Married / Qing Shan Liang

“I saw him only once” (p.37). I wonder how amount of percents of these marriages, which husband comes back to China to get a wife and they see each other only once, then decide to marry, lasting long is.

Ten years ago, China’s situations were not that good to make a living. That’s why people in China had a dream to go to the United States to earn money and have better lives.

6. Making a New Life / Frank Bai

Language barrier interferes his life in the United States, even he has professionally great experience of business in China.

7. Changing the Tide of History / Dale Minami

8. Into the Governor’s Mansion / Gary Locke

9. Restaurant, Public Office, Even Bruce Lee / Ruby Chow

“In those days there weren’t many jobs available to the Chinese—restaurants and menial work, mostly” (p.71). I wondered why not many jobs available because they were Chinese.

10. Grassroots Victories / Cheryl Chow

11. Marriage and the Green Card / Shamita Das Dasgupta

It was sad to read the intersection of women, immigration and violence and women’s status. Law didn’t help women’s right and justice. In immigrant community, women were treated as like slaves because they were not protected legally.

12. Building an Orphanage in China / Ark Chin

13. Cowboy from Japan / Hank Sasaki

14. Jimi Hendrix of the Ukulele / Jake Shimabukuro

15. The Fortune Cookies / Joann Lee

“The thing is, we sounded pretty much white; we sang music written by a Jewish music teacher and we sang without accents” (p.110). If they had sang music written by not Jewish or sang with Chinese accents, how would their group have been like?

16. From Laos to Iowa / Steve Thao

It was sad for me to know that general American dream, such talking about careers and becoming a president of a company, and American dream for Asian American dream are different because the institutional restriction is based on who you are and how you look.

17. Harlan, Kentucky / Albert Lee

It was new thing to me the fact that he didn’t feel comfortable with other Asian American community because he was not interested in it at all. It was sad that he had sad experience as he was young because of his ethnicity.

He also mentioned about the issue of poverty in the U.S. When I was in Japan, I had never seen any news about American’s poverty. News broadcasted in Japan were always about Political things like election, entertainments, not the issue of poverty.

18. Growing Up in Los Angeles / Daniel Jung

19. Portland, Oregon / Jeff Andrada

“You’ve got all these laws now as far as equal opportunity, employment and diversity networks, making sure you have a certain amount of minorities hired”(p.130). They may have these laws, but I don’t think that these laws are not enough for equality. Because minority people are still struggling for their equal opportunity. It’s changed as times have changed. But it still needs to change for the ideal society.

20. Growing Up in Hawaii / Jake Shimabukuro

“I think everyone should feel proud about who they are, because it’s about celebrating life, celebrating everything” (p.135). I like this idea. But I feel that everyone can’t do it because some people might have trauma or something sad experience in their life. But, when people can feel proud about who they are, I’m pretty sure that life will be brighter.

21. Between Continents / David Tang

22. Cultural Anchors / Laura Jung

23. Of Work and Family / Agnes Braga

“being Asian, you should just be submissive and you should just stay home” (p. 151). This is another stereotype. especially Asian women. And her coworkers treated and saw her as one of Asian women, not herself.

24. An Editor of Entertainment News / Albert Lee

25. Chinatown, New York / Corky Lee

“No one lives in L.A.’s Chinatown” (p.160). I was surprised and wonder if Chinatowns in Japan are in same situation.

26. Of Japanese Towns and Cultural Communities / Dale Minami

Asian American were stereotyped as passive, non leadership types. Some of them might be these type. But, it’s just stereotype, not true. I totally agree with this person’s opinion that “their skills and their abilities were far better than the people that replaced them who were non-Asians” (p.165).

27. Hmong Community / Steve Thao

28. Vietnamese in Maryland / Hoan Dang

“Apparently Vietnamese people have small hands and fingers and they can draw very small designs on the nails” (p.181). This is why many Vietnamese people  work in the nail industry, cosmetology. I thought that this is a kind of good way for people to find good jobs with their specific advantages. On the other hand, i wonder if there’s no chance to find other jobs even they want because of some reasons.

29. Living Outside of Koreatown / Laura and Daniel Jung

She mentioned how important Koreatown is. On the other hand, her brother explained opposite view of Koreatown. “Koreans are always worried about how other Koreans might view them” (p.185). I think that this idea is similar to Japanese people’s thinking. Actually I worried about it a lot before coming here. But, I feel I don’t need to worry about it so much because I thought that it will be better for me to be what I want to be without worrying about others’ thinking.

30. Claiming Space / Shamita Das Dasgupta

It was obvious that each generation have different thoughts, behaviors and actions.

31. Very Tough Times / Veronica Leung

I’m not pretty sure about September 11. There were effects on business in Chinatown, New York.

32. New York’s Chinatown: Getting Back on Its Feet / Corky Lee

33. Within the South Asian Community / Shamita Das Dasgupta

34. Reconnecting / Naomi McWatt

“I’m a combination of both. I am proud of who I am” (p.211). I really like this sentences. She’s proud of her identity of mixed, Black and Asian. I’d like to live my life like she does.

35. Marriage / Gita Deane

“I thought that I was the only one” (pp.221, 222). She mentioned it sometimes. Because of community, the network is nationwide and people are connected, she realized that she is not the only one.

Gender issues, patriarchy system, are still deeply rooted in Indian society. The community can be important element to solve these issues.

36. Being Asian, Being Gay / Albert Lee

“70 percent of Americans polled personally knew someone who was gay. And when you know someone who is gay, you are less likely to throw out generic gay-bathing terms” (p.227). In a case of Japan, I don’t think that many people like 70 percent of American know personally anyone who is gay. And I believe that if they know someone who’s gay, they will recognize how diverse the society is.

37. Adopted, from Seoul to New Jersey / Karl Ludwig

38. Found / Kristen Houghton

39. Of Personal Challenges and Triumphs / Ark Chin

40. Journeys of Self Discovery / Candace Chin

41. Hapa with Strong Chinese Roots / Susha Pratt