Final Self Evaluation

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QQkqUWggx1GYx0T9XLr3VkEH82Pi6Dvi9qrUI5MCcxw/edit

Rows of colorful foliage at Jello Mold Farm.

I designed my spring quarter Independent Learning Contract (ILC) to outline and document the steps needed to start a sustainable wholesale cut flower farm business. My project was entitled Growing a Farm: Cultivating a New Farm Business. My learning objectives were to gain hands on experience in farm field cultivation, learn the legal steps required to open a farm business in Washington state, and learn the fundamentals of botany.

 

The most valuable learning experience for me this quarter was the work I performed as an intern at the organic farm at Evergreen College, and at Jello Mold Farm in Mt. Vernon, Washington. The purpose of my internship at Evergreen was to continue to gain the hands on learning needed to operate a farm. I wanted to expand on the practices introduced last year in the Practice of Organic farming program, such as propagation, field cultivation, irrigation, and harvesting. My field supervisor was Beth Leimbach, assistant manager at the organic farm at Evergreen. Working with Beth one on one was a rewarding experience, she has high expectations and exacting work standards from her twenty plus years working in the small farm and plant industry. A task as simple as watering the seedlings needs to be done correctly to protect them from damage. I learn by doing, and need to perform a task repetitively in order to master it. I feel I have gained the hands on knowledge I was seeking through constant involvement and practice working on the farm. I also had the opportunity to learn how to  enter data in the computer program Ag Squared. Last year I shunned this task, Beth pushed me out of my comfort zone and insisted I gain rudimentary computer based crop data skills. I also benefited from having the opportunity to work with and try different tools and materials, such as paper and thrip mulch.

I applied for, and received a week long internship at Jello Mold Farm in Mt. Vernon Washington during the week of May 20th. Working with Diane Szukovathy, one of the founding members of the Seattle Wholesale Growers Market Cooperative was the most valuable learning experience for me this quarter. My business plan is structured around growing woody cut stems and selling them to the Seattle cooperative. Diane and Dennis offered insights and advice for the wholesale market and helped me narrow down my plant selection for my farm. I learned valuable techniques for harvest, post harvesting, and transport of woody cut stems. Part of the internship involved spending a day at the wholesale growers market. Diane introduced me to several growers who generously offered advice for plant selection. I was also allowed to sit in on a meeting with the market manager and a west coast distributor who is interested in partnering with the Seattle market. The business advice, networking opportunities, and hands on experience at Jello Mold aligned perfectly with my learning goals. I was able to move forward with confidence in opening my business after gleaning the advice from experienced farmers in the wholesale floral business.

 

My final learning objective was to gain a greater understanding of botany. I was not able to enroll in a botany class at SPSCC community college this quarter, instead I opted to study The Great Courses: Plant Science: An Introduction to Botany. By Dr. Catherine Kleier.  I completed the twenty four lectures and read the accompanied book, however, I feel the course did not meet my learning expectations. I read Thomas Elpel’s Botany in a Day and Geoff Hodge’s Practical Botany for Gardeners.  I opted to make a notebook based on Elpel’s text,  Botany in a Day. I collected and identified plants using the pattern method outlined in his book.

 

I feel I gained new skills and achieved the goals outlined in my individual learning contract, with the exception of a comprehensive understanding of botany.  My learning style is hands on, The internships, business research and interviews I completed were activities that can not be learned in a classroom setting. The botany studies were a challenge to learn on my own. I feel I would have gained more working with someone or in a classroom setting. I do plan to take three ethnobotany classes offered this summer quarter at Evergreen. I hope to expand my knowledge in botany and plant taxonomy.

Week Seven

An unknown variety of lilac growing on my farm.

I have been researching possible candidates for wholesale cultivation for the cut flower market this week. Two woody shrubs that I am interested in growing are Syringa, better known as lilac, and Viburnum,  commonly called snowball bush.

viburnum opulas

There are over one hundred species of viburnum. Most have one or more ornamental traits that that make them a desirable choice for wholesale production. Viburnums are easy to grow in the pacific northwest, optimal growing conditions are moist acidic soil. Viburnum acerifolium, mapleleaf viburnum is a native to eastern North America. It grows best in heavy shade. It produces stunning fall foliage in shades of pink, red, and purple.

Pros

  • Many early flowering species have highly fragrant flowers.
  • Several cultivars produce colorful fruits or striking fall foliage.
  • Snowball viburnum is among the top ten bestsellers in the cut flower market.

Cons

  • Fragrant species have a short vase life.
  • Harvesting for fall fruit can only be done biennially

Lilac Syringa

Lilac is also one of the top ten sellers, stems command a good price. It does not ship well, this makes it a good choice for the local market, with little competition from international conventional grower.

Lilacs perform best in a sunny location with well drained soil and  ph levels between 6 and 7.5. They need to be fertilized in late fall and again after flowering, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 1-3-5. High nitrogen concentrations must be avoided to produce flowering.

Bacterial blight occurs in spring when there are mild temperatures and wet weather. Symptoms of lilac blight are similar in appearance to fire blight in fruit trees. The flowers wilt, turn brown, and unopened flower buds turn black. The disease starts as brown spots on the stems and leaves of young shoots in the spring. The spots become black and spread rapidly in warm wet conditions. Recommended species for the northwest  that are resistant to bacterial blight include: S. josikaea, S. Lomarowii, S. microphylla, S. perinensis, and S. reflexa.

Pros

  • Lilac thrives in the northern regions.
  • Fragrant flowers in shades of blue, pink, lilac, and white, singles or double flowers.
  • Once established plants can last for decades with minimal maintenance.

Cons

  • Plants have a long juvenile period before production.
  • Stems have hard wood and are difficult to hydrate.
  • Vase life is short, an average of five days.

Week Six

Week six started out with much warmer spring like temperatures and sunny skies. Beth and I decided it would be best for me to continue to focus on honing my skills with the BCS walk behind tractor and irrigation set up and maintenance.

I was able to accomplish both chores while working on the hedgerow I helped plan and install last year as a POF student. My area of focus last year was integrated pest management (IPM). Our IPM group mapped out a hedgerow 100 feet long with three rows spaced 4 feet apart. We installed native shrubs such as snowberry and serviceberry, along with several shrubs sourced from Burnt Ridge Nursery in Onalaska, Washington.

http://www.burntridgenursery.com/

The shrubs we planted included Viking Aronia, Golden Silverberry, and Autumn Olive. Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) is a shrub with small black edible berries that are highly nutritious and attractive to pollinators and wildlife. It is a self fruitful shrub, meaning it transfers pollen from the anther to the stigma on the same flower to another flower on the same plant. Many plants cannot produce fruit from their own pollen, they need pollen from another flower of a genetically different plant or cultivar to set fruit. Many varieties of  apples, cherries, and pears need another variety nearby to cross pollinate and produce fruit.  An example would be the asian pear variety Housi,  planted in close proximity to another asian pear variety such as Shinko or Kosui. Pollination is performed by bees,  it is important to attract bee activity by providing flowers. Another method used to attract wild mason bees is to install a mason bee home. This is done by drilling a hole 4/16 inch in a 4 inch wide piece of untreated lumber. The bee house should be installed 6-7 feet from the ground.

Viking Aronia in full bloom.

 

Most of the plantings from last year survived, I was able to make an inventory by accessing the planting map from our initial installation from last year. The practice of having a dated map of planting location and plant varieties is crucial to operating a well organized farm. This is a practice that I have started using on my farm and an important lesson I learned during my internship. Many of the plants from last year had lost their tags, having a concise map with measurements saves time and eliminates guesswork.

After mowing around the hedgerow I inspected and repaired the irrigation lines, next I weeded and applied a thick layer of wood chips to help conserve moisture and suppress the weed pressure.

 

Deer and Elk Fencing

The elk have returned this week. They will begin calving toward the end of May.

While writing my business plan I realized that fencing will be of the most expensive start up costs in my first year. I have a resident herd of over seventy Roosevelt elk that pass through my property throughout the year. They return in the spring for calving season, and in October for their rutting season. I am always amazed that a herd of animals that are the same size as a horse or cow can appear and disappear so quickly and quietly. I feel blessed to have the opportunity to live with and observe the herd year round. Though they are noble, the elk and deer can wipe out a crop overnight. To manage this problem I opened up a swath of land one hundred feet on each side of Mclane creek, to act as a passage through my property.  Working with the Thurston Conservation District we have established a buffer of native trees and shrubs along the creek. I hope that by offering a wildlife passage they will go around, rather than through  the growing areas.

I am using Rhonda hart’s book Deerproofing Your Yard & Garden, an useful guide for deterring and fencing out deer and elk.

Mapping out my fence.

 

Six Quick Fencing Lessons

  1. When Possible, fence first, plant second
  2. If deer can’t go over, through, or under, they’ll go around.
  3. A fence with a hole is no fence at all.
  4. Fences over bumpy or steep ground are more difficult to install and can be more expensive in terms of both materials and labor.
  5. Pounding beats digging. Post driven or pounded into the ground are more secure than those placed in a hole dug out by hand.
  6. There’s more than one way to fence out a deer!

courtesy of Deerproofing Your Yard & Garden by Rhonda Hart  pg. 154

This week I priced out the cost of materials for fencing off nearly an acre of growing space. The fence will be eight feet tall with two gates. I have yet to decide exactly where the gates will be located. The hardware for the gates are not included in the materials list. I will definitely use an auger to drill the fence post!

Cost of Deer Fence

Prices reflect April 2018

200 feet x 200 feet deer fence eight feet tall

80- 4x4x12 foot post Home Depot $24.57 ea $1965.60

186- bags concrete Home Depot $3.50 es $651.00

5-48 x 330 wire fence Tractor Supply $279.99 $1400.00

Total Cost of materials $4016.00

I attached Plant Pro-Tec repellent clips to my unprotected pear trees to test their effectiveness. The active ingredient is garlic oil

 

I’m testing the usefulness of Irish Spring soap tied in old socks. I’ve hung several soap enclosed socks on my young fruit trees that were defoliated by deer last year.

http://www.americanatural.com/products/insect-animal-controls-repellents/plant-pro-tec-deer-repellent.html