"Improved" Sheep -
fleece shedding genes have been suppressed - have a white coat, are even in staple type from tip to tail, and fleece grows continuously
Aran Jumper -
(see also, "gansey") a sweater that is hand spun and knitted in the Aran Islands, Ireland.
Bardoli Charkha -
traditional spinning wheel used to create khadi.
Carbonised wool -
Wool that has been treated with sulphuric acid to remove vegetable matter from scoured wool.
Carded wool -
Wool that has subjected to carding, whereby fibres are opened out and separated to give a web of fibres, crossed and recrossed.
Cashmere -
fiber from several different varieties of goats.
Charkha -
word used in India for a spinning wheel
Combed wool -
Wool that has subjected to combing, whereby fibres are made to lie parallel to one another in a rope or combed top.
Cottage Industry -
an industry whose labor force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their own equipment
Croft -
a small rented farm, especially one in Scotland, comprising a plot of arable land attached to a house and with a right of pasturage held in common with other such farms
Crofter's Agency of Edinburgh -
marketed crofters tweed in the south
Flange -
a projecting flat rim, collar, or rib on an object, serving to strengthen or attach or (on a wheel) to maintain position on a rail.
Galway Sheep -
breed of sheep whose wool is used for the knitting of Aran jumpers.
Ginning -
separating seeds from raw cotton.
Godown -
Term used in India for a warehouse
Greasy wool -
Raw wool straight from the sheep’s back and containing 20-60% extraneous matter, e.g., dirt, natural grease, dried perspiration and vegetable matter.
Hacendados -
large estate owners in Ecuador.
Handspindle -
Any implement that can be rotated or twisted by hand in order to twist fiber into string.
Harris Tweed -
tweed hand spun and woven in the Hebrides, Scotland
HWE -
High Wage Economy - economic model that Robert Allen hypothesizes led to the innovation of the Industrial Revolution.
Hygroscopic -
tending to absorb moisture from the air
Khadi -
any material that is hand spun and hand woven in India.
Lanolin -
a fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool. It is extracted as a yellowish viscous mixture of esters and used as a base for ointments.
Lanolin -
Wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals.
Linen -
Textiles created from flax fibers.
Medullated -
having a hollow core (fiber).
Modhia -
Wooden device to hold spindle in position on the Bardoli Charkha.
Mohair -
fiber from angora goats.
Mountain Blackface Sheep -
sheep breed whose wool is used in Ireland for weaving of carpets.
Niche Animals -
adapt to climate and environment.
Orb Trademark -
means a garment is made entirely by hand.
Otavaleños -
indigenous people of the Ecuadorian Andes
Paracas -
society who inhabited Peruvian Andes from 700BCE to 1100BCE
Perceived Scarcity -
marketing tactic that encourages consumers to buy products on sight due to the fast turn over of products.
Quichua -
indigenous language of people of Otavalo.
Roving -
Wool that has been cleaned and carded.
RPM -
revolutions per minute.
Scoured wool -
Wool that has been cleaned by scouring process, which removes all extraneous matter from greasy wool except for vegetable matter.
Scutching -
Separates the impurities from the raw material, such as the seeds from raw cotton or the straw and woody stem from flax fibers.
Skirting -
Removing edges of fleece
Spinning Wheel -
mechanized way of turning a spindle.
Swadeshi -
a movement in India that encouraged the people of Indian to purchase goods made in India only.
Swaraj -
Indian self-rule, freedom from British governance.
Textile chain -
the steps that fiber undergoes in order to become a piece of fabric or a garment.
Tow -
Short flax fibers.
Woolen fabric -
Fabric manufactured from woolen yarn.
Woolen garments -
Garments manufactured from woolen yarns and fabrics.
Woollen yarn -
Yarn that has been carded, condensed and spun on woollen machinery from carded wool.
Worsted fabric -
Fabric manufactured from worsted yarn.
Worsted garments -
Garments manufactured from worsted yarns and fabrics.
Worsted yarn -
Yarn in which the fibres are reasonably parallel and that is spun from combed wool.