Tag Archives: Financial aid policy

An Overview of the Operating Budget as It Relates to Higher Education

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The 2010 supplemental budget released this morning and likely to be passed by both chambers reduces funding for public services and programs by $755 million for the current biennium.

Among the reductions in the operating budget, higher education is impacted by both statewide changes and changes directed specifically towards higher education.

Statewide, the 2010 supplemental operating budget assumes $48 million in General Fund-State savings in the form of temporary state agency layoffs and management reductions (SB 6503). The Evergreen State College is reduced by a total of $568,000. This includes a reduction of $327,000 in general fund dollars and a reduction of $241,000 in non-state funds.

In addition, $30 million is expected in savings from increased efficiency in state information technology. The savings will be achieved through strategies outlined in House Bill 3178 (i.e. buying wireless service from master contracts and consolidation of email and phone services).

Specific to higher education, the budget provides funds for worker retraining, maintains much of the state funded student-financial aid programs; and minimizes reductions to colleges and universities to the extent possible.

The budget only increases funding for higher education in two areas. The budget provides $17.6 million for the Opportunity Express Account. The Account will fund an additional 3,800 full-time equivalent (FTE) unemployed workers to train at community and technical colleges for new jobs in high-demand fields.

The budget also provides $1 million to the Opportunity Express Account to provide financial aid for the additional community and technical college students who pursue training in high-demand fields.

Beyond these increases, the budget includes several budget reductions. The budget reduces state funding to the six public baccalaureate institutions and 34 community and technical colleges by an additional 6% overall for  fiscal year 2011.  The Evergreen State College was reduced by $1.291 million in addition to the reduction taken as part of the compensation-reduction bill (SB 6503).

As with implementation of the reductions in the original biennial budget, colleges and universities are expected to focus first on achieving savings through purchasing efficiencies, reduced energy use, administrative reductions, and program consolidations. The Legislature does acknowledge that the following are likely across higher education in Washington: reductions in course offerings, increases in class sizes, and reduced student support services.

The State Need Grant is maintained as enacted in the 2009-11 biennial budget. However, the State Work Study Program is reduced by approximately 30% in the second year of the biennium.  The reduction will be realized through a combination of the following: maintaining average student earnings at the current level rather than increasing them to keep pace with the estimated costs of attendance; increasing the required employer share of wages from 35% to 50% for proprietary employers and from 20% to 30% for non-profits; and discontinuing student eligibility for the program.

It should be noted that the budget assumes the passage of Senate Bill 6409 which creates the Opportunity Pathways Account and funds this account by providing that all profits from in-state lottery games are to be used for student financial aid, early childhood education, and economic development. Funds from the Opportunity Pathway Account, $73.5 million, are appropriated to replace state general fund support for the State Need Grant, the State Work Study program, Washington Scholars, and the WAVE program.

Funding for the state funded GEAR-UP project to increase college awareness and preparedness among students is also reduced by 30%.

Funding is also suspended for several state supported student aid programs.  The Legislature does continue to provide sufficient funds to complete commitments to current recipients. These programs include the Health Professional Loan & Scholarships, Education Opportunity Grants, Western Interstate Compact for Higher Education (WICHE) Professional Student Exchange program, and Future Teachers Scholarship.

The Washington Scholars and Washington Award for Vocational Excellence (WAVE) programs were not suspended but  reduced. During the 2010-11 academic year, only one student (instead of three) will be awarded scholarships equivalent to at least 90 percent of full tuition and fees at a Washington public college or university. Similar to other financial aid programs, funding will continue to be made available for current recipients who were awarded scholarships in previous years to complete their studies.

Finally, a handful of other programs were reduced or suspended. During the second year of the biennium state matching funds are not provided to support innovations in childcare delivery at public universities and funding for the Leadership 1000 project is reduced by 50%.

Two programs were suspended. State contributions for the Foster Care Endowed scholarship are suspended for the second year of the biennium. In addition, state work study for math and science is suspended.

President Obama Signs Student Aid Legislation

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Yesterday, March 30 President Obama signed into law the reconciliation bill passed by Congress this past week.

The new law will make major investments in the Pell Grant Program and other student aid and higher eduation programs.  Many of these investments will be made from the savings at the federal level of the elimination of the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP). In addition, the new law provides health benefits to college health centers and students.

U.S. House Concurs on Senate Amendments; Student-Aid Bill Headed to the President for Signature

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President Obama is expected to sign into law  today the reconciliation bill passed by Congress this week that will bring great change both to health care and student aid in the United States.

Yesterday, the U.S. Senate passed major student aid reform in the afternoon. In the evening, the House considered the Senate-amended legislation and passed the reconciliation bill with a vote of 220-207.

The new law will make major investments in the Pell Grant Program and other student aid and higher eduation programs.  Many of these investments will be made from the savings at the federal level of the elimination of the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP).

Student Aid Bill Hits Bump in U.S. Senate Goes Back to U.S. House for Vote

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Yesterday afternoon the U.S. Senate began nine hours of debate on the floor. Senators considered twenty-nine amendments to alter the reconciliation bill .

Lawmakers sought to vote down amendments in an effort of saving the bill from returning to the House for another vote.  However, this was not to be the case.

In the wee hours of this morning, the Senate Parliamentarian informed Senate leaders of parliamentary problems with at least two provisions.

According to the budget reconciliation rules governing the bill all provisions of the bill must directly affect government spending or revenues. Both of the provisions in question relate to the student aid portion of the bill.

One provision involves changes to the Pell grant program for college students from low-income families. As written the bill would establish an automatic increase in grant awards tied to inflation. The provision in dispute would prevent any reductions in the maximum award. The second provision seems to be mostly a technical issue.

The Senate voted this afternoon to pass the reconciliation bill with a vote of 56-43. The House is expected to take up the bill this afternoon.

U.S. House Passes Student-Aid Bill

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While much of the media has focused on the passage of health care legislation in the last few days, the passage of this bill also signals the passage of student aid reform that many in higher education have worked hard to move forward and waited months for approval.

On Sunday, March 21 the U.S. House of Representatives passed a reconcilation bill to reform student aid and health care by 220-211. The bill makes several changes to student financial aid policy and provides funds to community colleges and historically black higher education institutions. Of much significance is the elimination of the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) on July 1, 2010 and the use of the estimated savings to increase funding for Pell Grants.

Prior to the passage of the reconciliation bill containing the changes to student aid, the House passed the Senate-passed health care reform package (which also included significant student aid provisions) by a 219 to 212 vote.

The student aid reform included in the reconciliation bill passed by the House was a leaner version of the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act (SAFRA).  Democrats had to revise the bill when the Congressional Budget Office showed that expected savings from the elimination of the FFELP were lower than previously estimated and eliminate the proposal of several new programs to comply with procedural requirements in the Senate.

Four major provisions that were a part of SAFRA were not included in the student aid legislation passed by the House on Sunday. They include:

  • The Obama Administration’s proposal to revise the Perkins Loan Program
  • A provision to lower interest rates on student loans
  • Funding for Obama’s American Graduation Initiative to help community colleges graduate five million more students by 2020.
  • $2.5 billion for a new College Access and Completion Fund

The passage of the bill by the House clears the way for the legislation to be considered by the Senate as early as this week. Debate on the bill in the Senate will be limited to twenty 20 hours and requires only 50 votes to approve the bill to be signed into law by President Obama. If the Senate makes any changes to the bill, the legislation would have to be sent back to the House for another vote.

Final Agreement Reached on Student-Aid Legislation

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This weekend the U.S. House of Representatives is expected to approve the combined student-aid and health-care plan.  This is the culmination of a year-long process as well as much strategy and discussion during the past week to determine a final agreement to overhaul the government’s student-loan system.

The final agreement, the Health Care & Education Affordability Reconciliation Act (H.R. 4872), would end the bank-based system of distributing federally subsidized student loans (FFELP program) and move toward a system in which the U.S. Department of Education would provide all loan money directly to colleges and students (Direct Loan program).

The final agreement would use savings generated from the elimination of the FFELP program (approx. $61 billion over 10 years) to increase the maximum Pell Grant. The maximum Pell Grant, currently scheduled to reach $5,500 for the 2010-11 academic year, would increase by the rate of inflation over most of the next 10 years. 

The effort by the Obama Administration to urge Congress to approve an annual increase equal to the rate of inflation plus one percentage point was eliminated in the final agreement and the start of the annual increases was delayed until 2013.

Finally, the bill:

  • Pays off billions of dollars in accumulated budget shortfalls in the Pell Grant program because of rising college enrollments and demand for the program.
  • Includes $225 million a year to help historically black colleges.
  • Includes $750 million over five years for College Access Challenge Grants, which support states and other governments in efforts to prepare low-income students to enroll and succeed in college.  This is down from the $3 billion in the House version.
  • Includes $2 billion over four-years to help two-year institutions. This is down from the $10 billion in the House version.
  • Includes $1.5 billion over 10 years to finance the Obama Administration’s proposal to increase assistance to borrowers eligible for income-based repayment of a federally subsidized student loan by limiting their mandatory monthly payments to 10 percent of discretionary income, down from 15 percent, and by forgiving their loans entirely after 20 years, instead of the current 25 years. The House version did not include these funds.
  • Eliminates the $9 billion that had been approved in the House version to reduce the interest rate on federally subsidized loans in 2012-13 and subsequent years.  The rate is due to drop to 4.5% for the 2010-11 academic year; 3.4% the following year; and then rise to 6.8% after that.
  • Eliminates a provision in the House version to spend $8 billion on early-childhood-education programs.

So what is next. If the House passes the reconciliation bill, most likely this Sunday, the bill will move to the Senate where it could be voted on as early as next week.

What and Where are the Bills of Special Session

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The Governor, the Senate and the House all stated that the focus of the first special session of 2010 would be budgets, revenue, and job creation. While it is clear that the bills that would implement the 2010 supplemental operating and capital budgets and any revenue increases are necessary, several other bills are also required to pass to implement the budget and revenue proposals of the Legislature.

Bills, referred in the political arena as NTIB (Necessary to implement the budget), are widely defined. Many are deemed NTIB because they allow for implementation of budget policies, create cost savings, and/or are take home bills for policymakers.

During this first week of the first special session of 2010 several bills have been reintroduced that did not pass the Legislature prior to adjournment of the regular session.

A summary of the five bills Evergreen is tracking through the course of the special session are below.

House Bill 2561

 House Bill 2561 authorizes the State Finance Committee to issue $861 million in general obligation bonds, to be known as Jobs Act Bonds (Act), for the purpose of creating jobs by constructing capital improvements that lead to energy-related cost savings in public schools, state colleges and universities, and other public facilities. Public schools, colleges and universities and other public facilities would compete for funds in two rounds of competitive grant funding for the dollars according to criteria laid out in the bill. The first round is dedicated solely to education and higher education.

House Bill 2561 has been referred to in the media as one of the vehicles that the Legislature may consider as part of its job creation efforts in the special session.

HB 2561 passed the House 54-39 on the second day of the special session and awaits further action in the Senate Ways & Means Committee.

House Bill 2854

House Bill 2854 determines student eligibility for the Higher Education Loan Program (HELP). To be eligible a student is defined as one that: (1) has an annual family income, adjusted for family size, that is no greater than 130 percent of the Washington median family income; (2) has completed the free application for federal student aid; (3) is a Washington resident; (4) is not enrolled in Theology as a field of study; (5) is enrolled at least half-time in a first-aid-eligible certificate or degree program up to and including graduate and professional degrees; (6) maintains satisfactory academic progress as determined by the attending institution; (7) is not delinquent or in default on a federal or state student loan; and (8) is not past due in child-support obligations.

The bill also establishes a limit on the loan amount granted per academic year is established as the cost of attendance minus any other student financial aid received.

HB 2854 passed the House 58-35 on the second day of the special session. A public hearing on the bill was held in Senate Ways & Means Committee on March 17.

House Bill 3193

House Bill 3193 reduces the bonus for National Board-certified teachers teaching in high poverty schools from $5,000 to $2,500 during the 2010-11 school year.  In addition, persons receiving the National Board bonus are required to be in “instructional assignments” in a Washington public school.

HB 3193 awaits further action on the House floor.

SB 6409

Senate Bill 6409 creates the Washington Opportunity Pathways Account. Beginning in state fiscal year 2011, all net revenues from in-state lottery games that are not otherwise dedicated to debt service on the Safeco Stadium and Qwest Field and Exhibition Center are dedicated to the new account. All net income from the multi-state lottery games, other than those dedicated to the Problem Gambling Account, are deposited into the Washington Opportunity Pathways Account rather than into the General Fund.

The Washington Opportunity Pathways Account is subject to appropriation by the Legislature, and may only be used for the following programs: recruitment of entrepreneurial researchers, innovation partnership zones, and research teams; the early childhood education and assistance program (ECEAP); the State Need Grant; the State Work Study program; College Bound Scholarships; Washington Promise Scholarships; Washington Scholars; the Washington Award for Vocational Excellence (WAVE); the Passport to College Promise; the Educational Opportunity Grant; and GET Ready for Math & Science Scholarships.

SB 6409 passed the Senate  32-10 on the second day of the special session and awaits further action on the House floor.

SB 6503

Senate Bill 6503 as passed by the Senate on March 16 expresses the intention of the Legislature that state agenices and institutions of higher education reduce government operating costs. In doing so agencies and institutions of higher education are required to preserve family wage jobs. The bill further requires the following:

  • The Office of Financial Management (OFM) certify to each state agency the compensation reduction amount to be achieved by the executive branch agency or institution as provided in the omnibus appropriations act.
  • Executive branch general government state agencies and higher education institutions may submit plans that achieve compensation cost savings to OFM. The State Board for Community and Technical Colleges shall submit a single plan on behalf of all community colleges.
  • Compensation reduction plans submitted by higher education institutions may include leave without pay, temporary layoffs, reductions in force, reduced work hours, and voluntary retirement, separation, and other incentive programs authorized by law.
  • OFM shall review, approve, and submit the higher education institution plans that achieve the required cost reductions to the legislative fiscal committees. Those institutions that do not have approved plans will close on the ten dates specified in the amendment.
  • Legislative branch agency plans for mandatory and voluntary leave will achieve savings as provided in the omnibus appropriations act and are subject to the approval of the Chief Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate.
  • Judicial branch agencies will similarly submit plans for review and approval by the Supreme Court. Agency closure days will not prevent actions from being considered timely on the next business day.
  • Specified activities of agencies and institutions are exempt from closure or reductions. Minimal use of state employees by any agency or institution is permitted as necessary to protect public assets, protect information technology systems, and maintain public safety. For higher education classroom instruction, operations not funded from state funds or tuition, campus police and security, emergency management and response, and student health care are exempt.
  • The agency employing an employee not scheduled to work on an agency closure day must designate an alternative day during the same month for the employee to take temporary leave without pay.
  • Employees earning less than $30,000 per year may use annual leave or shared leave in lieu of a temporary layoff.
  • Implementation subject to bargaining will be performed consistent with applicable laws.
  • For state agencies, temporary layoff impacts will be negotiated between each agency and one coalition of all exclusive bargaining representatives.
  • For higher education institutions that have negotiations conducted by the Governor or Governor’s designee, and that have submitted a reduction plan, negotiations regarding impacts shall be conducted between coalitions of representatives at each college, college district, or university of all the exclusive representatives.
  • For institutions that do not submit aplan, negotiations regarding impacts shall be conducted between the Governor or Governor’s designee and one coalition of all the exclusive bargaining representatives. Institutions that do not have negotiations conducted by the Governor or Governor’s designee shall each negotiate institutional impacts.
  • An exception to the requirement that agencies remain open 40 hours per week is provided.
  • In addition to the Public Employees Retirement System provisions in current law eliminating the effect of temporary salary reductions on pension calculations (chapter 430, Laws of 2009), members of the Teachers’ Retirement System, the Public Safety Employees’ Retirement System, the Law Enforcement Officers’ and Firefighters’ Retirement System and the Washington State Patrol Retirement System will not have pension calculations reduced for salary not earned as a result of compensation reductions integral to expenditure reduction efforts.
  • The act contains an emergency clause and takes effect immediately. 

Senate Bill was further amended on the Senate floor to:

  • Direct that state agencies and institutions reduce expenditures on salaries and benefits for Washington Management Service and exempt management positions by amounts provided in the omnibus appropriations act. The reductions shall be sufficient to save $10 million General Fund-State in Fiscal Year 2011
  • In higher education institutions, the amendment exempts student employees from the compensation reduction plans and the agency closure dates.

Activities Move from Floor to Committee in the Senate

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For the first time this special session, the activity moved away from the decorated chamber floor of the Senate to the more utilitarian committee rooms.

The Senate spent most of the morning in caucus, moving a single bill prior to adjourning until Noon tomorrow. The action then moved to the Senate Ways & Means Committee who held a work session, several public hearings, and finally moved a handful of bills to the floor.

The Committee held a work session on new language put forth by Sen. Rockefeller that would provide substance to Senate Bill 6853 which currenlty exists in “title only” format. 

The Rockefeller language, which has been in development for some time, recognizes the intent of the Washington Legislature to review tax preferences in the same manner as budget expenditures.  The language sets standards for what should be considered in future tax preference legislation and changes  membership of the Citizen Commission on the Performance Review of Tax Measures to include the State Treasurer and two members appointed by the Governor of which one must be a citizen representing working families or a nonprofit organization. In addition, the Governor would be required, when submitting tax preference requests to the Legislature, to offset the cost of any preference by reductions/eliminations of existing preferences. Finally, the language would require the Washington Department of Revenue to provide the tax exemption report every 2 years rather than every 4 years.

The Committee took no action on the bill.

Though the Committee took action on several bills, moving them forward to the floor for further consideration, the Commitee only held a public hearing on the one bill of interest to Evergreen. House Bill 2854 was heard before Senate Ways & Means Committee. House Bill 2854 establishes a low interest state loan for students seeking a college education. The Committee took no further action on the bill this afternoon.

Special Session: Day 2

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The second day of the first 2010 special session was much more alive, actually feeling a bit like a regular session. A handful of committees held work sessions on various topics of interest and both the House and the Senate spent serious time on the floor considering legislation.

The Senate took action on eight bills today before they adjourned until 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. Of the eight bills, two are of particular interest to Evergreen.

The Senate reintroduced and passed with a vote of 30-11 Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6503. ESSB 6503 is the compension reduction savings bill that failed to pass the House in the regular session. The bill, which passed with a vote of 32-10 directs state agencies, including higher education institutions to achieve a $69.2 million reduction in employee compensation costs from the near General Fund through mandatory and voluntary compensation reduction activities (i.e. furloughs, leave without pay, reduced work hours, voluntary retirements and separations, layoffs, and other methods).

The second bill, which passed 32-10, Engrossed Second Substitute Senate Bill 6409 creates the Opportunity Pathways Account. Beginning in state fiscal year 2011, all net revenues from in-state lotterygames that are not otherwise dedicated to debt service on the Safeco Stadium and QwestField and Exhibition Center are dedicated to the Opportunity Pathways Account. All net income from the multi-state lottery games, other than those dedicated to the Problem Gambling Account, are deposited into the Washington Opportunity Pathways Account rather than into the General Fund.

The Washington Opportunity Pathways Account is subject to appropriation by the Legislature, and may only be used for the following programs: recruitment of entrepreneurial researchers, innovation partnership zones, and research teams; the early childhood education and assistance program (ECEAP); the State Need Grant; the State Work Study program; College Bound Scholarships; Washington Promise Scholarships; Washington Scholars; the Washington Award for Vocational Excellence (WAVE); the Passport to

College Promise; the Educational Opportunity Grant; and GET Ready for Math & Science Scholarships.

The House took action on 14 bills prior to adjourning until 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. Of the 14 bills passed two were of interest to Evergreen.

Engrossed House Bill 2561 authorizes the State Finance Committee to issue $861 million in general obligation bonds, to be known as Jobs Act Bonds (Act), for the purpose of creating jobs by constructing capital improvements that lead to energy-related cost savings in public schools, state colleges and universities, and other public facilities. As reported earlier through this blog, EHB 2561 passed with a close vote of 54-39.

Second Substitute House Bill 2854, which passed 58-35, creates the Higher Education Loan Program (HELP).

Finally, today, the Senate’s proposed 2010 supplemental operating budget was placed on the second reading calendar on the House floor.

The Latest on Federal Financial Aid

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Yesterday, Congress passed a reconciliation bill that includes provisions to eliminate the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) and significantly boost funding for the Pell Grant program. The House Budget Committee voted 21 to 16 to report the bill to the full House for a vote.

The reconciliation bill marked-up by the House Budget Committee contained the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act (SAFRA). That SAFRA language is expected to be replaced with a streamlined bill when the reconciliation bill is sent to the House Rules Committee. The House could vote on the reconciliation bill as early as this week. While the new language has not been released, reports suggest the bill will include the following: 

  • Savings of $68 billion by eliminating FFELP and moving to direct lending.
  • Pay off a portion of the Pell Grant program shortfall and automatically increase the maximum Pell Grant by the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
  • Provide additional funding for Minority Serving Institutions

Unlike SAFRA, the new language is not expected to include:

  •  The Perkins Loan Program overhaul
  • The American Graduation Initiative to provide $10 billion to Community Colleges
  • The $3.5 billion College Access and Completion Fund

Efforts to pass student financial aid legislation still focus on combining an aid bill with health care legislation through budget reconciliation. Specifically, the House plans to pass the healthcare reform legislation that has already been passed by the Senate, clearing that bill to be signed into law. The House also plans to pass a separate reconciliation bill that would combine student aid reform with healthcare provisions to amend the healthcare reform bill passed by the Senate. Senate Democrats would then have to secure 50 votes to clear the reconciliation bill for the President, with Vice President Joe Biden casting the 51st vote.

Reconciliation ProcessBesides the Pell Grant funding provided in the reconciliation bill, the healthcare reform legislation passed by the Senate includes more than $510 million for student aid in the 2010 fiscal year. The Senate healthcare bill would:

  • Eliminate the requirement for independent students to supply parental financial information to apply for aid from the Department of Health and Human Services
  • Increase annual and aggregate Nursing Student Loan
  • Create a pediatric specialty loan repayment
  • Create a Public Health Workforce Loan Repayment Program
  • Make grants to institutions to award scholarships to individuals employed in public and allied health positions
  • Set authorized funding levels for the National Health Service Corps
  • Make grants to institutions to provide need-based financial assistance in family medicine, general internal medicine, or general pediatrics
  • Make grants to institutions to provide tuition and fee assistance to workers employed in long-term care settings
  • Make grants to institutions for financial assistance to general, pediatric, and public health dentistry students
  • Establish various support programs for practitioners of geriatric medicine
  • Make nurse faculty eligible for the existing Nursing Student Loan Repayment Program.
  • Create a United States Public Health Sciences Track, giving students tuition remission and a stipend for up to 4 years, in exchange for a service obligation.
  • Reauthorizes Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students through 2015.
  • Excludes from taxable income all amounts received under the National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program, certain related state programs, or under any other State loan repayment or loan forgiveness program that provides for health care services in under-served or shortage areas.

In addition, the bill would require insurance companies offering health insurance that provides dependent coverage of children to continue to make such coverage available for unmarried adult children until the age of 26. The bill specifically allows schools to continue offering their own student health plans.

The bill now goes to the full U.S. House of Representatives for a vote.